Prostate Cancer in focus

Over the past months i have experience a number of cases of prostate cancer. All, unfortunately, were end stage cancer. What puzzles me is that although there is a secondary prevention method (having a PSA test done) and warning signs that something is wrong, still there is an alarming number of prostate cancer being detected at the later stages.

What can be done?

Check for the warning symptoms

• hesitance during urinating 
• decrease free flow of urine
• increase frequency of urinating 
• difficulties starting the urine stream 

It should be noted that these symptoms are also common in two other disorders, Urinary Tract infection and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH).  BPH is very common in men older than 50 years and results from increase stimulation of the prostate by male hormones. This can be treated and not necessary develop into cancer.

When should you see a doctor?

Immediately after experiencing any of the above symptoms.While it might be benign, it is important to rule out the worst case, prostate cancer.

What to expect at the doctor's office?
The first test the doctor should do is a digital rectal examination (DRE) where he/she would incert a gloved and lubricated finger into the anus to feel for any enlargement of the prostate. This is usually an uncomfortable but accurate test that is considered the gold standard test in diagnosing prostate cancer. When the prostate is enlarge due to hormonal influence (BPH) the enlargement does not affect the peripheral lobes of the prostate, only the central lobes. Cancers however affects the peripheral lobes and thus will be felt pressing against the rectum during a DRE.

A PSA test will also be ordered. The PSA blood test measures the level of a protein called prostate-specific antigen. It is able to detect early prostate cancer, although it has limitations.